Caring for a loved one with dementia often brings unexpected behaviors that can be difficult to understand. You may have seen them trying to eat things that aren’t food, like a napkin or small objects. Such behaviors, known as pica, can be alarming and confusing, but it’s actually a more common issue than most people realize in individuals living with dementia.
Pica is a condition in which someone has the urge to consume non-food items like dirt, paper, soap, or even fabric. Though typically linked to childhood or nutritional deficiencies, it’s also seen in older adults, especially those with cognitive impairments. Knowing why this happens and how to respond can help alleviate the stress and keep your loved one safe.
What Causes Pica in Dementia?
The effects of dementia on the brain can lead to odd behaviors, including pica. There are several reasons this might happen:
- Cognitive Decline: As dementia progresses, the brain’s ability to distinguish between edible and non-edible items can weaken, leading to confusion about what’s safe to eat.
- Changes in Sensory Perception: Some seniors develop a heightened desire for different textures or may seek out oral stimulation.
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in essential vitamins or minerals, such as iron or zinc, can lead to unusual cravings for non-food substances.
- Hunger or Thirst: If a senior isn’t getting enough nutrition or hydration, they might seek anything nearby to consume.
- Medications: Certain medications may alter taste perception or hunger, potentially triggering strange food cravings.
- Emotional Stress: Anxiety, frustration, or boredom may also lead to pica-like behaviors as the individual tries to cope.
How to Handle Pica in Dementia
If you discover that a loved one with dementia is trying to eat something non-food related, it’s understandable to feel concerned. However, your reaction can significantly affect the situation. Here are a few strategies to manage pica effectively:
- Stay Calm and Avoid Scolding. While you may feel alarmed, it’s important to remain calm. Reacting with frustration may cause more anxiety. Gently remove the object and redirect their attention to something else.
- Ensure They’re Eating Properly. Make sure your loved one is getting enough to eat. If they aren’t consuming enough food, hunger can trigger pica. Offering a variety of textures in their meals may also address sensory cravings.
- Keep Dangerous Objects Out of Reach. Prevent access to non-food items that might be mistaken for food. Store items like paper or small household objects in secure places.
- Provide Safe Alternatives. Offer chewable alternatives like sugar-free gum, soft snacks, or even a non-toxic teething ring to satisfy their oral needs.
- Consult for Nutritional Deficiencies. If pica is a new behavior, it could be linked to a deficiency in essential nutrients. A doctor can run tests to check for possible vitamin or mineral shortages.
- Engage in Meaningful Activities. Distraction can help reduce pica triggers. Involve them in activities like folding clothes, listening to music, or gardening to keep them mentally occupied.
We’re Here to Help
Caring for someone with dementia is challenging, and pica adds another layer of complexity. At Comfi-Kare Homecare, we specialize in dementia care, helping families manage this condition with compassion and expertise. We serve Silver Spring, Potomac, Rockville, and throughout Montgomery County, and we’re always available to assist. Call us at 240-750-6617 for help and support.